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Pivotal announced yesterday that Groovy 2.4 And Grails 3.0 will be the last major releases under Pivotal sponsorship. This is big news that has not surprisingly created a lot of buzz in the blogosphere. In this post, I describe some of the questions that others and I are wondering about and speculate on Groovy's future. Groovy’s Future is in Doubt Sadly, it appears at this time that is more likely than not that Groovy does not have a significant future ahead. It would seem that the developers of this program are going to allow it to rot away instead of taking any action steps to potentially stave off such an outcome. It seems from the statements put out by Pivotal that they are likely to nix Groovy due to a general lack of use among its customer base and the inability of the company to keep up with everything that it needs to in order to continue to offer this service to those who are still using it. We are sorry to say that it appears that Groovy is on its way out even though we don’t want it to be. Sometimes, that is just the way that these things go. After reading multiple Reddit references to this announcement, my initial thought was to see what Guillaume Laforge had to say about this. Apparently, a lot of people had the same idea because I encountered a 503 error when trying to access his page. Fortunately, I did not have to wait for Laforge's blog to be available to get more insight from him on this announcement because there were a couple of interviews with him regarding the announcement already online: Voxxed.com's Pivotal’s "Sad and Odd'' Decision to Set Groovy Adrift and InfoQ's Pivotal Pulls Groovy/Grails Funding. Since that time, Laforge's blog is available again and has a post on the subject calledThe Groovy project is looking for a new home. Another person frequently and deservedly associated with Groovy, Graeme Rocher, has also posted on the subject: The Future of Groovy and Grails Sponsorship. Laforge and Rocher were co-founders of G2One, which was acquired by SpringSource in late 2008. VMWare then acquired SpringSource about one year later (and VMWare had been owned by EMC since late 2003). EMC would later announce the spin-off of Pivotal in 2013 and Pivotal today announced the dropping of Groovy support as of 21 March 2015. Questions, Answers, and Speculations The posts referenced here in my post have collectively answered some of my questions about Groovy and at the same time presented additional questions. Why is Pivotal dropping the financial support of Groovy and Grails? Answer: Pivotal's announcement: "The decision to conclude its sponsorship of Groovy and Grails is part of Pivotal’s larger strategy to concentrate resources on accelerating both commercial and open source projects that support its growing traction in Platform-as-a-Service, Data, and Agile development. Pivotal has determined that the time is right to let further development of Groovy and Grails be led by other interested parties in the open source community who can best serve the goals of those projects." Who Might Sponsor Groovy and/or Grails Development? Speculation: Many organizations benefit from Groovy and Gravy, but many probably aren't prepared to invest as fully in their development as G2One, SpringSource, VMWare, and even Pivotal have been. An example of an organization with an obvious vested interest in Groovy's future is GradleWare. Ken Kousen has tweeted and written a blog post on the opportunity of acquiring Groovy and Grails sponsorship. What does this announcement mean for Groovy's future? Answer Mixed with Speculation: Based on Laforge's and Rocher's posts, it seems clear that the core developers plan to continue working on Groovy. However, it is understandable that if this effort is not funded (sponsored), it will have to be at a slower pace than before (I have found through personal experience that home projects take a lot longer to complete than paid projects). I believe that Groovy has strong momentum already that will continue for some time. It is vital to Gradle, is used with other open source projects and tools such as SoapUI, and could have a promising future running on Android. I primarily use Groovy for scripting and simple "glue" tools in Java applications. The language is mature and serves these purposes well and I see no reason to stop using it at this time. What does this mean for the future of the Spring Framework? Speculation: There is some concern that perhaps Spring Framework could be jettisoned next from Pivotal. This seems unlikely to me, but I didn't expect Pivotal to drop Groovy either. As much as I love Groovy and as much effect on Java and JVM development as I acknowledge it has had, I think Spring Framework has been even more pervasive in Java EE development than Groovy and Grails have been in Java SE and Java EE development. That stated, Pivotal has shown that they are willing to, as most successful businesses are, drop a product offering that is perceived as not benefiting their strategy and bottom line. I can certainly understand if this development concerns users of Spring. Is Standards-Based More Important than Being Open Source? Answer: This is a difficult question to answer that often depends on numerous contextual factors including the tools being compared, the expected length of life of the products being built, etc. Fortunately, we often don't have to choose between these as many reference implementations in the Java world are also open source. However, a point can be made that any product that is not standard (including commercial or proprietary) is subject to losing support or not being available any longer. The theory is that if standards-based products are used, one can then shift to another implementation of that standard if necessary. However, a standard is only as good as its implementations and if there is only one realistic implementation of a standard, there's not much of an advantage of transferability there. Conclusion Although I understand Pivotal's motivation for dropping Groovy, I am still sorry to hear that news. I appreciate the effort that key Groovy contributors such as Laforge and Rocher have made and I appreciate the companies that have sponsored that work. Through this sponsorship and work, we have a really nice language to use for scripting and other purposes. I hope that a sponsor can be found for Groovy, but I plan to continue to use it either way.

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The source code The slides for the talk "Mobile First!" is the new cry of web designers worldwide. But how do you do it? Do you have to scrap all of your current web skills? Is it magic created by wizard-like designers which could never be understood by mere mortals? Believe it or not, with the combination of jQuery Mobile and CSS3 Media Queries, you can easily create a site that looks good on a phone, tablet, or desktop. Does Mobile-First Still Matter? Yes! You still need to look to design all features of your programs with a mobile-first mentality. People are spending increasing amounts of time on their phones, and they expect the companies that create products for them to come up with something that will enable them to continue to view those products from their phones. If you are unable to do this for them, they may simply move on to another company that can provide them with that kind of functionality. You have a lot of choices to make when it comes to the specific features that you will use and embrace, but you need to consider how going mobile first can help bolster the chances of your application being used by the masses. General Responsive Web Features The web began as responsive. Now admittedly, the web didn't do very much, so being responsive when the Internet was mainly documents was easy. HTML documents naturally wrapped to the next line and flowed down the page. Along the way, things changed. Developers began designing sites in tools like PhotoShop and wanted perfect pixel renderings of those designs. The problem with pixels is that they are not very flexible. It has always been possible to use percentages instead of pixels, but they were clumsier to work with, so pixels remained the favorite. With HTML5 and CSS3 there is more support for responsive design. Lets Meta Tags Meta tags have been the favorite of the SEO crowd for some time. Meta tags are used to define keywords, descriptions, and even redirects. Here are some rules about meta tags: They always go in the section of the page They are never displayed They consist mostly of key/value pairs: name = key and content = value Viewport The viewport is a special type of meta tag which defines the screen of a mobile device. In the example program the viewport meta tag looks like: The attributes above mean: width=device-width - converts the pixels to CSS pixels initial-scale=1 - sets the scale level user-scalable=no - turns off scaling If the initial scale is some other value than 1, the zoom can be smaller or larger. If user-scalable is set to yes, then the user sets the zoom level by tapping, pinching, or whatever zoom gesture the browser supports. Media Query Media Queries are the workhorse of responsive design. A media query is a media type and at least one expression that limits the style sheets' scope. Here is an example: @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) and (orientation:portrait) { } The above media query means: For a screen media type Define the classes only if The width is less than 1023 AND the orientation is portrait The media query begins with @media then a media type, in this case, screen. Other types are all, braille, embossed, handheld, print, project, speech, tty, and tv. You can compose complex media queries using logical operators like not, and, and only. not - is used to negate an entire media query and - used to combine multiple media features together into a single media query only - used to apply a style only if the entire query matches Finally, there is the comma-separated list which behaves like an operator. If any media queries return true, the style sheets get applied. One pattern for applying the media queries is to define the query for the narrowest device first, then define it for a tablet, and finally a desktop. Now all of these definitions are pretty loose and open to interpretation. You may need to adjust them to fit your needs. If you run the demo on a high pixel phone like a Nexus 4, which has a display of 1280x768 resolution, why doesn't it display like a desktop? The key is the viewport meta tag. This tag, which is read by mobile browsers, redefines the pixels as CSS pixels. The precise number of CSS pixels varies by device, but on the iPhone, it is 320 and on the Nexus 4 it is 384, both of which are less than the minimum of 480 pixels to be defined as a tablet. jQuery Mobile Features So far we haven't looked at jQuery Mobile features. From the get go jQuery Mobile has had responsive features. Some of which are: grid - a simple way to build CSS-based columns that can also be responsive tables - selectively hide or shows table columns based on the display width panels - create a hidden page that slides left or right to reveal itself Grids Grids have been with jQuery Mobile since the beginning. They are essentially self sizing columns that dynamically resize themselves when the size of the page changes. The number of available columns ranges from two to five. To change the number of available columns simply change the class on the root p then add or remove a p from the collection. ui-grid-a = 2 columns ui-grid-b = 3 columns ui-grid-c = 4 columns ui-grid-d = 5 columns Tables Tables were added with the release of jQuery Mobile 1.3.0. They allow for the responsive display of tabular data. There are two basic types of tables: reflow which is the default and column toggle. Reflow tables lay the table data horizontally until it reaches a minimum size, then all of the data for each row is grouped together and it re-flows down the page. In column toggle mode, each column of a table can be given a separate priority, when the data can no longer fit horizontally, the column with the lowest priority number which is still visible is hidden. This continues until a minimum size is reached or there is only one column remaining. Panels A panel is a hidden page that reveals itself by sliding from the left or right onto the page. It can support nearly any jQuery Mobile widget. When the panel is displayed, clicking anywhere else on the page will close it. Best Practices Design styles beginning with "mobile first", then go wider Use "min-width" to constrain styles Prefer percentages and ems to pixels

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