Querydsl vs. JPA Criteria, Part 6: Upgrade Guide To Spring Boot 3.2 for Spring Data JPA and Querydsl Project

In this tutorial, learn more about a solution for two issues caused by the upgrade to the latest Spring Boot 3.2 and Spring Data JPA.

Arnošt Havelka

CORE ·

Jan. 24, 24 · Tutorial

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Last year, I wrote the article, "Upgrade Guide To Spring Boot 3.0 for Spring Data JPA and Querydsl," for the Spring Boot 3.0.x upgrade. Now, we have Spring Boot 3.2. Let's see two issues you might deal with when upgrading to Spring Boot 3.2.2.

The technologies used in the SAT project are:

Spring Boot 3.2.2 and Spring Framework 6.1.3
Hibernate + JPA model generator 6.4.1. Final
Spring Data JPA 3.2.2
Querydsl 5.0.0.

Changes

All the changes in Spring Boot 3.2 are described in Spring Boot 3.2 Release Notes and What's New in Version 6.1 for Spring Framework 6.1.

The latest changes in Spring Boot 3.2.2 can be found on GitHub.

Issues Found

A different treatment of Hibernate dependencies due to the changed hibernate-jpamodelgen behavior for annotation processors
Unpaged class was redesigned.

Let's start with the Hibernate dependencies first.

Integrating Static Metamodel Generation

The biggest change comes from the hibernate-jpamodelgen dependency, which is generating a static metamodel. In Hibernate 6.3, the treatment of dependencies was changed in order to mitigate transitive dependencies. Spring Boot 3.2.0 bumped up the hibernate-jpamodelgen dependency to the 6.3 version (see Dependency Upgrades). Unfortunately, the new version causes compilation errors (see below).

Note: Spring Boot 3.2.2 used here already uses Hibernate 6.4 with the same behavior.

Compilation Error

With this change, the compilation of our project (Maven build) with Spring Boot 3.2.2 fails on the error like this:

     Plain Text 
   
 
 
   [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  3.049 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-01-05T08:43:10+01:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.11.0:compile (default-compile) on project sat-jpa: Compilation failure: Compilation failure: 
[ERROR]   on the class path. A future release of javac may disable annotation processing
[ERROR]   unless at least one processor is specified by name (-processor), or a search
[ERROR]   path is specified (--processor-path, --processor-module-path), or annotation
[ERROR]   processing is enabled explicitly (-proc:only, -proc:full).
[ERROR]   Use -Xlint:-options to suppress this message.
[ERROR]   Use -proc:none to disable annotation processing.
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\city\CityRepository.java:[3,41] error: cannot find symbol
[ERROR]   symbol:   class City_
[ERROR]   location: package com.github.aha.sat.jpa.city
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\city\CityRepository.java:[3] error: static import only from classes and interfaces
...
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\country\CountryCustomRepositoryImpl.java:[4] error: static import only from classes and interfaces
[ERROR] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: net/bytebuddy/matcher/ElementMatcher
[ERROR] 	at org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.validation.ProcessorSessionFactory.<clinit>(ProcessorSessionFactory.java:69)
[ERROR] 	at org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.annotation.AnnotationMeta.handleNamedQuery(AnnotationMeta.java:104)
[ERROR] 	at org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.annotation.AnnotationMeta.handleNamedQueryRepeatableAnnotation(AnnotationMeta.java:78)
[ERROR] 	at org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.annotation.AnnotationMeta.checkNamedQueries(AnnotationMeta.java:57)
[ERROR] 	at org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.annotation.AnnotationMetaEntity.init(AnnotationMetaEntity.java:297)
[ERROR] 	at org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.annotation.AnnotationMetaEntity.create(AnnotationMetaEntity.java:135)
[ERROR] 	at org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor.handleRootElementAnnotationMirrors(JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor.java:360)
[ERROR] 	at org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor.processClasses(JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor.java:203)
[ERROR] 	at org.hibernate.jpamodelgen.JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor.process(JPAMetaModelEntityProcessor.java:174)
[ERROR] 	at jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.processing.JavacProcessingEnvironment.callProcessor(JavacProcessingEnvironment.java:1021)
[ER...
[ERROR] 	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:348)
[ERROR] Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: net.bytebuddy.matcher.ElementMatcher
[ERROR] 	at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:445)
[ERROR] 	at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:593)
[ERROR] 	at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:526)
[ERROR] 	... 51 more
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException 
  

This is caused by the changed approach in the static metamodel generation announced in the Hibernate migration guide (see Integrating Static Metamodel Generation and the original issue HHH-17362). Their explanation for such change is this:

"... in previous versions of Hibernate ORM you were leaking dependencies of hibernate-jpamodelgen into your compile classpath unknowingly. With Hibernate ORM 6.3, you may now experience a compilation error during annotation processing related to missing Antlr classes."

Dependency Changes

As you can see below in the screenshots, Hibernate dependencies were really changed.

Spring Boot 3.1.6:

Spring Boot 3.2.2:

Explanation

As stated in the migration guide, we need to change our pom.xml from a simple Maven dependency to the annotation processor paths of the Maven compiler plugin (see documentation).

Solution

We can remove the Maven dependencies hibernate-jpamodelgen and querydsl-apt (in our case) as recommended in the last article. Instead, pom.xml has to define the static metamodel generators via maven-compiler-plugin like this:

     XML 
   
 
 
   <plugins>
	<plugin>
		<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
		<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
		<configuration>
			<annotationProcessorPaths>
				<path>
					<groupId>org.hibernate.orm</groupId>
					<artifactId>hibernate-jpamodelgen</artifactId>
					<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
				</path>
				<path>
					<groupId>com.querydsl</groupId>
					<artifactId>querydsl-apt</artifactId>
					<version>${querydsl.version}</version>
					<classifier>jakarta</classifier>
				</path>
				<path>
					<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
					<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
					<version>${lombok.version}</version>
				</path>
			</annotationProcessorPaths>
		</configuration>
	</plugin>
</plugins> 
  

As we are forced to use this approach due to hibernate-jpamodelgen, we need to apply it to all dependencies tight to annotation processing (querydsl-apt or lombok). For example, when lombok is not used this way, we get the compilation error like this:

     Plain Text 
   
 
 
   [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] COMPILATION ERROR : 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\city\CityService.java:[15,30] error: variable repository not initialized in the default constructor
[INFO] 1 error
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  4.535 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-01-08T08:40:29+01:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.11.0:compile (default-compile) on project sat-jpa: Compilation failure
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\city\CityService.java:[15,30] error: variable repository not initialized in the default constructor 
  

The same applies to querydsl-apt. In this case, we can see the compilation error like this:

     Plain Text 
   
 
 
   [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  5.211 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-01-11T08:39:18+01:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.11.0:compile (default-compile) on project sat-jpa: Compilation failure: Compilation failure: 
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\country\CountryRepository.java:[3,44] error: cannot find symbol
[ERROR]   symbol:   class QCountry
[ERROR]   location: package com.github.aha.sat.jpa.country
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\country\CountryRepository.java:[3] error: static import only from classes and interfaces
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\country\CountryCustomRepositoryImpl.java:[3,41] error: cannot find symbol
[ERROR]   symbol:   class QCity
[ERROR]   location: package com.github.aha.sat.jpa.city
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\country\CountryCustomRepositoryImpl.java:[3] error: static import only from classes and interfaces
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\country\CountryCustomRepositoryImpl.java:[4,44] error: cannot find symbol
[ERROR]   symbol:   class QCountry
[ERROR]   location: package com.github.aha.sat.jpa.country
[ERROR] <SAT_PATH>\sat-jpa\src\main\java\com\github\aha\sat\jpa\country\CountryCustomRepositoryImpl.java:[4] error: static import only from classes and interfaces
[ERROR] -> [Help 1] 
  

The reason is obvious. We need to apply all the annotation processors at the same time. Otherwise, some pieces of code can be missing, and we get the compilation error.

Unpaged Redesigned

The second minor issue is related to a change in Unpaged class. A serialization of PageImpl by the Jackson library was impacted by changing Unpaged from enum to class (see spring-projects/spring-data-commons#2987).

Spring Boot 3.1.6:

     Java 
   
   public interface Pageable {

	static Pageable unpaged() {
		return Unpaged.INSTANCE;
	}

	...
}

enum Unpaged implements Pageable {

	INSTANCE;

	...
}

Spring Boot 3.2.2:

     Java 
   
   public interface Pageable {

	static Pageable unpaged() {
		return unpaged(Sort.unsorted());
	}

	static Pageable unpaged(Sort sort) {
		return Unpaged.sorted(sort);
	}

	...
}
	
final class Unpaged implements Pageable {

	private static final Pageable UNSORTED = new Unpaged(Sort.unsorted());

	...

}

When new PageImpl<City>(cities) is used (as we were used to using it), then this error is thrown:

     Plain Text 
   
 
 
   2024-01-11T08:47:56.446+01:00  WARN 5168 --- [sat-elk] [           main] .w.s.m.s.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved [org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException: Could not write JSON: (was java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException)]

MockHttpServletRequest:
      HTTP Method = GET
      Request URI = /api/cities/country/Spain
       Parameters = {}
          Headers = []
             Body = null
    Session Attrs = {}

Handler:
             Type = com.github.aha.sat.elk.city.CityController
           Method = com.github.aha.sat.elk.city.CityController#searchByCountry(String, Pageable)

Async:
    Async started = false
     Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
             Type = org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException 
  

The workaround is to use the constructor with all attributes as:

     Java 
   
   new PageImpl<City>(cities, ofSize(PAGE_SIZE), cities.size())

Instead of:

     Java 
   
   new PageImpl<City>(cities)

Note: It should be fixed in Spring Boot 3.3 (see this issue comment).

Conclusion

This article has covered both found issues when upgrading to the latest version of Spring Boot 3.2.2 (at the time of writing this article). The article started with the handling of the annotation processors due to the changed Hibernate dependency management. Next, the change in Unpaged class and workaround for using PageImpl was explained.

All of the changes (with some other changes) can be seen in PR #64. The complete source code demonstrated above is available in my GitHub repository.

Spring Framework Framework Hibernate Spring Boot Java Persistence API

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